Hi James,

A lot of times you'll run into a BSOD as you try to upgrade to a new version of Windows 10. Typically, the reason could be a result of a third-party application, such as antivirus and security software, or incompatible hardware.

When you get the blue screen error, your system will automatically roll back any changes and restore the previous version of the OS.
You can troubleshoot this problem while trying to upgrade by doing the following.

Uninstall applicationsAn incompatible piece of software, such as an old program or third-party antivirus, is likely the root of the problem.
To resolve this issue, try uninstalling any unnecessary apps or a pieces of software you installed recently, using these steps:

1. Open Settings.
2. Click on System.
3. Click on Apps & features.
4. Select the app and click the Uninstall button.
5. Follow the on-screen directions to complete the uninstall process.

Repeat the steps to remove every piece of software that may be causing the problem.
Once you successfully upgraded to the latest version of Windows 10, you can reinstall the apps and they should work as expected.
Disconnect non essential hardwareIt could also be a hardware related problem. When trying to make an installation of Windows 10 remember to always unplug non-essential peripherals, including secondary monitors, printers, phones, external hard drives and other USB devices (you only need your mouse, keyboard and main monitor).
You can always reconnect the hardware after the installation. If you continue to have the same problem, you may need to install newer drivers, or it could also be an indication of incompatible hardware.

Re download upgrade filesIt's possible that you're getting a blue screen because of damaged setup files, in which case you'll need to re-download the installation files.
If you're trying to upgrade using Windows Update, you can do this by using the Disk Cleanup tool to delete previously downloaded installation files. When you do this, Windows Update will re-download the files again to upgrade the OS.
To use the Disk Cleanup tool, do the following:

1. Open Start.
2. Search for Disk Cleanup and click the result.
3. Select drive "Windows (C:)" and click OK.
4. Click the Clean up system files button.
5. Select drive "Windows (C:)" and click OK.
6. Check the Temporary Windows installation files option.
   
7. Click OK to delete the files.

Once you complete the steps, you can try to upgrade one more time using Windows Update.
If you're trying to upgrade using USB-bootable media, you may want to use the Media Creation tool to recreate your bootable media to jump to the latest version of Windows 10.
I hope this helps.

Regards,
Lokesh